These two tests are commonly used to screen for 子宫颈癌:

Abnormal results from either the 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 or HPV test may be a sign of cervical dysplasia. 在这种情况下, precancerous cells have formed on the cervix, the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. Left untreated, those cells can turn into cancer.

Cervical dysplasia is typically caused by 人乳头瘤病毒(HPV). There are usually no symptoms, although it may be associated with abnormal bleeding or spotting.

测试是如何进行的

Both the 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 and HPV test involve a similar procedure. As in a routine gynecologic exam, you lie on a table and place your feet in footrests. Your health care provider places an instrument (called a speculum) in your vagina and opens it slightly to see inside.

Cells are gently collected from the surface of the cervix and the area around it. You may feel some pressure or discomfort; some women say it feels like menstrual cramps. You may bleed a bit after the test.

对于巴氏试验, the cells are sent to a laboratory for examination under a microscope to see if they look abnormal. 对于HPV检测, the cells are sent to a lab to determine whether the sample shows evidence of a type of HPV that causes cancer.

PAP和HPV检测结果, 进一步的测试

A normal result for the 巴氏早期癌变探查试验 means the cells look normal under the microscope. A normal result for the HPV test means you don't have a high-risk type of HPV.

Abnormal results may be a sign of cervical dysplasia. In that case, your provider may recommend further evaluation with a 阴道镜, a close examination of the cervix with a magnifying lens.

Colposcopy takes about 10 minutes and often involves doing a biopsy (taking a small sample of tissue). A biopsy can cause some cramping. Two major goals of 阴道镜 are to determine whether there's cancer on the cervix and to find precancers so they can be treated before they turn into cancer.

Treatment of cervical dysplasia

At UCSF, we offer the full range of treatment options for cervical dysplasia. In certain situations, you may choose to defer treatment and follow a course of watchful waiting.

另外, the abnormal cells created by dysplasia can be removed, either surgically or nonsurgically. Methods for removing the cells include:

  • 循环切除: This technique uses a fine wire loop with electrical energy flowing through it to remove the abnormal area of the cervix. The technique is also called a LEEP and is usually done in the clinic using a local anesthetic. 大约需要15分钟. The tissue that's removed is sent to a laboratory for examination.
  • 锥活组织检查: In this outpatient surgical procedure, the doctor uses a scalpel to remove a cone-shaped section of the cervix. It's done in the operating room, typically while the patient is asleep. The tissue is sent to a laboratory for examination.
  • 激光治疗: A laser (a highly focused beam of light) is used to vaporize abnormal cells. The laser is directed through a colposcope so the area and depth of treatment can be precisely controlled. It's usually done in the clinic using a local anesthetic and takes about 15 minutes.
  • 冷冻疗法: Your doctor uses a probe to cool the cervix to subzero temperatures. The cells damaged by freezing are shed over the next month in a heavy watery discharge. The procedure is typically done in the clinic without an anesthetic and takes about 15 minutes.